Methodology and data limitations

These ACS five-year period estimates describe 2020–2024, not a single date or a trend. Income is in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars. County equivalents include parishes, boroughs, independent cities, planning regions and municipios. US benchmarks refer to the Census United States geography; Puerto Rico is reported separately.

Margins of error and comparisons

Published ACS MOEs use a 90% confidence level. Percentage MOEs are percentage points. No difference MOE or significance test is calculated. A larger or smaller displayed number alone does not establish a statistically meaningful difference.

“Interpret with caution” flags a published MOE at least 30% of the absolute estimate, or a positive MOE with a zero estimate. This is a transparent editorial screening rule, not a Census quality classification. State and US MOEs are shown alongside county MOEs.

Missing values and flags

Blank source values display as Unavailable, never zero. A usable estimate can lack a usable MOE; controlled estimates are not assigned a zero MOE. Exceptional source status flags appear under the affected value and remain in the download.

Flags include unavailable, not_computable, insufficient_cases, not_applicable, moe_not_computable, open_ended_median_moe and controlled_estimate. Unknown or conflicting annotations and interval-bound medians are blanked in the source pack. Read estimate and MOE status separately.

Puerto Rico

Some indicators are unavailable for Puerto Rico in this source release. Every affected county page lists the unavailable indicators; national comparisons use the US benchmark and should be interpreted in that geographic context.

Definitions and reuse

Each indicator row identifies its Census variable and denominator. Poverty and child poverty use the population for whom poverty status is determined. Insurance and disability refer to the civilian noninstitutionalized population; broadband refers to households. Keep these universes and the uncertainty in grant narratives. Similar-population links use absolute population difference within the same state, with GEOID to break ties.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2020-2024 5-year Data Profiles (2024 endpoint), tables DP02, DP03 and DP05. Estimate and MOE variable IDs appear below. Retrieved 2026-10-19. Census Data Profiles source.